Rules of communication: ethics of communication with different people

Communication is the main tool of interaction between people. With the help of verbal or non-verbal signs, emotions, desires, intentions are expressed, information is transmitted. Possession of communication skills makes it easy to establish contact with people, to be successful in all spheres of life.

The doctrine of morality is included in the concept of ethics. Moral norms include the rules of interaction between people established by society. Interaction includes generally accepted standards of behavior and communication. Ethical principles are conditional and they differ in different cultures. However, their compliance is a necessary condition for existence in society.

The essence of morality is in the presence of moral qualities to successfully interact with others at a decent level.

Respectful attitude, goodwill, openness, equality, freedom of expression are welcomed.

Verbal communication using speech means accompanies the expression of their thoughts, opinions, emotions, information sharing. It can be characterized in terms of:

• literacy;
• accessibility;
• accuracy;
• content;
• expressiveness.

The following types of verbal communication are distinguished:

• Normal communication or conversation - an exchange of views, experience.
• Discussion - issues are solved, tasks are discussed.
• Confrontation - there is a dispute, defending the position.
• Dispute - there is a public discussion of socially important topics.
• Discussion - different opinions are discussed with a view to finding the truth.
• Symposium - short presentations of several people are held.
• Lecture - there is a performance of one participant.
• Controversy - there is an exchange of views, discussion with the aim of winning, defending their position.

The effectiveness of a particular type of verbal communication depends on the correctly set goals, on the constructiveness of the information.

Different age categories of people have their own characteristics. Therefore, when interacting with them in everyday life or in a formal setting, it is necessary to take into account some nuances.

For example, when dealing with younger children or children, they need to spend more time, genuinely be interested in their problems, listen carefully.

When communicating with friends or peers, it is important to respect the opinions of others. It is not recommended to give advice where they are not asked. Interaction should be based on the principles of cooperation, openness and honesty.

When communicating with parents you need to be more tolerant, carefully listen to their opinions or advice. Neither should conflict, try to prove their case. It is necessary to strive for constructive dialogue. Good kind words work wonders.

In no case can say something with arrogance or in a dismissive tone. When talking you need to be extremely attentive, polite.

When communicating with older, adults, you must show respect, courtesy, and honesty. It is not allowed to appeal to “you” or simply by name, unless the interlocutor himself expresses such a desire. You need to talk in a calm, relaxed, friendly manner.

Communication with older people should be based on respect, deference, courtesy, openness. You should always contact by patronymic name, on "you".

When talking, you need to use only kind and positive words.

When talking on the phone there is no eye contact, so the main and decisive impression is based on the greeting. The first spoken phrases, intonation, manner of communication affect the result and the duration of the entire conversation.

Telephone communication begins from the moment when the beeps went on the phone. According to the rules of good tone should be removed immediately after the third call. It is recommended to wait for the answer until the eighth call.

After the answer sounds, it is important to greet you as politely as possible, be sure to introduce yourself.

It is important to keep a steady pace of speech. Too fast speech is poorly perceived by the ear, its meaning is often missed. Slow tempo may begin to annoy the other person, and he will become distracted. The voice should not be too low and not too loud.

To maintain a positive attitude when talking, you need to smile. A smile is always felt when talking on the phone, and it gives a special politeness to the voice. It is recommended to periodically contact by name or patronymic name. Man is always pleased to hear his name. In addition, it gives shade of individuality.

However, the interlocutor should not guess that the words are prepared in advance. The conversation should take place in the most natural, relaxed manner.

It is important to pause between semantic sentences, giving a person the opportunity to express his opinion on the subject under discussion. In this case, you need to carefully, actively listen. This can be done with the help of such short phrases as “yes”, “good”, “understandable”.

To end the phone conversation is necessary on a positive note. You can not abruptly break off communication. Last phrases are very important. Proper farewell is almost the last chance that can help change the situation in the opposite direction. Therefore, it is better to plan in advance.

Modern technologies allow you to communicate via the Internet using social networks for this application. Gradually, such communication penetrates into all spheres of human activity. Previously, such communication was encountered only between close friends and relatives, but now serious working questions are being resolved in this way, political topics are being discussed, interest groups are being created. Discussions on social networks form the worldview of modern people.

There are unwritten rules of etiquette, which should be followed during correspondence in order not to spoil the impression of yourself. Without seeing the interlocutor and not hearing his voice, the opinion is usually formed on the basis of:

• literacy;
• ability to concisely express their thoughts;
• courtesy;
• used vocabulary.

It should be borne in mind that words written only in capital letters carry a large emotional load. It is better to avoid a large number of exclamation marks, question marks, ellipsis, understatement. This may form an incorrect attitude to what has been said. In no case can not use obscene words.

Before sending a message, it should be carefully read, evaluate the appropriateness of the information provided. Do not forget the message of thanks at every opportunity.

On the pages of social networks should consciously pick photos that you want to share with others. Any little thing is important.

All this can frighten off not only interlocutors, but also potential employers. One of the current trends in search and selection of personnel is the use of social networks.

Non-verbal interaction is carried out using facial expressions, gestures, habits. Clothing, its cut, color, combination can tell a lot about the emotional state, character, status. The scruffy look is created by poorly ironed clothes, unbuttoned on all buttons. The integrity of the image gives hairstyle. Hair should be clean and neatly packed.

There are certain rules that allow you to effectively interact with each other. Among the highlights are:

• Observance of the distance. Invasion of personal space - closer than 40 cm - causes discomfort.
• Eye contact. When talking, you need to look into your eyes as often as possible, about 60% of the total time. So a trust relationship is formed. However, do not abuse it. Too much gaze expresses distrust, aggression.

• Using open poses. Do not cross your arms or legs. Such poses express closeness, unwillingness to make contact.
• Straight posture testifies to self confidence.
• The lack of posture, expressing discontent superiority, neglect. These include posture, when the hands rest on the side, lowered in the pockets or are behind the back.
• Lack of excessive gestures. Otherwise it may seem that the speaker does not have enough vocabulary to express his thoughts.

It should be noted that the location of the interlocutors is also important. Being opposite each other, opponents are more prone to confrontation, rather than sitting next to each other. Therefore, for business negotiations often use round tables.

During the conflict there is a clash of opinions, interests, positions. The result of a confrontation may be the achievement of a common goal or destructive consequences. Therefore, any conflict must be sought to translate in a positive direction, and if possible, to prevent at all.

Be sure to give your opponent the opportunity to get out of the situation with dignity. In order not to create prerequisites for the emergence of confrontation, it is recommended to adhere to simple principles that allow you to effectively interact with others.

These include:

• politeness;
• respect;
• positivity;
• openness;
• Attention;
• decency;
• concreteness;
• preservation of personal boundaries;
• tolerance;
• justice;
• compassion.

The ability to enter the position of another person allows you to understand the motives of his behavior, to look at the situation from a different angle. Do not respond to aggression emotionally. This can lead to an uncontrolled dangerous situation. Also, do not give in to provocations.

In the professional world, it is customary to observe ethics of business communication. This is a set of rules aimed at achieving specific goals. The specificity of the interaction is not to show the interesting side of his character, but to interest the partner, to cause trust and respect. It is important to find points of contact, mark the boundaries, zones of interaction. This takes into account the cultural, national characteristics of the business partner.

Among the key skills of successful business negotiations are:

• the ability to properly express their intentions;
• ability to analyze;
• listening skills;
• ability to defend their position;
• sober assessment of all the pros and cons;
• Proficiency in professional terminology.

There are main stages of a business conversation:

• Greeting. At this stage, the formation of the first impression.
• The prologue. Includes preparation for the discussion of key issues.
• Discussion. It includes specifying the situation, considering possible options, making a decision.
• Completion. Farewell, also influencing the formation of a holistic impression.

When talking, you need to show sincere interest in the topic, goodwill. Mood, emotional state should not affect the rate of speech and its volume. Facial expression should be open, friendly. Nothing does not like the sincere smile of the interlocutor.

In the field of professional communication such qualities as tact, honesty, decency, clarity are appreciated.

Regardless of the form in which a business meeting takes place, it is necessary to follow the diction, the rate of speech, volume, the construction of phrases, the correct placement of accents. In any outcome of a business meeting should remain a positive impression of the conversation. This greatly increases the chances of improving the result.

In society, there are unspoken standards of behavior in the interaction of opposite sexes, the observance of which is a manifestation of education. Among the most common rules are:

• Help men when lifting weights.
• Freeing up a place for a woman in transport.
• Opening the door to the woman.
• When walking together, the man should be on the left side of the companion.
• When traveling by taxi, the man opens the back door on the right, misses her companion, and then sits down himself.

• When traveling in his own car, a man should open the front door of the car for the ladies, only then get behind the wheel.
• Smoking in the presence of a woman is allowed only with her permission.
• In the wardrobe, a man should help a woman take off her outerwear, and then undress himself.
• When going down the stairs, the man goes in front, and when going up, he goes behind.
• A man should not be late for a meeting with a woman.

In modern society, such norms of behavior are not very popular, but knowledge and their manifestation can cause respect, sympathy, admiration.

The basic principles of effective interpersonal interaction are:

• mutual aid;
• compliance with someone else's space;
• respect;
• cultural communication.

Being in any public place, one should adhere to the culture of behavior that is acceptable for that place:

• Being in public transport, it is not recommended to push apart those around you in order to find free space or get out as quickly as possible. It should give way to the elderly, children, women. Large bags should be placed in the place where they will not interfere.The backpack should be kept in hand.
• Being in various stores, large supermarkets, it is not recommended to take unnecessary goods from the shelves, and then leave it in places not intended for this.
• Being at work, you must adhere to the rules that are established in this institution. This may be a certain type of clothing, hairstyle, jewelry. It is not recommended to discuss personal topics with colleagues. Also, it is not worth discussing the colleagues themselves, the more so behind them.

• Being present at the session in the cinema, it is not recommended to speak loudly, comment on what is happening, rattle with banks or rustle in packages. All this interferes with others and causes irritation. The remaining garbage must be discarded at the end of the session.
• Being in a medical facility, it is not recommended to speak loudly, to use mobile phones, especially if diagnostic equipment is located nearby. If there is a queue, then it will have to stick.

Thanks to the observance of the rules of good tone, a positive impression is created and a positive attitude of others is formed.

For more on the rules of etiquette when dealing with different people, see the following video.