Perm hair: features, types and techniques

Today, beauty salons offer the fair sex a large number of different procedures for the transformation of hair. And to create curls for a long time used a chemical perm hair, which has many variations and varieties, than has earned itself a special popularity among women.

Hair perm is a hairdressing service, thanks to which you can permanently and radically change your hairstyle, regardless of the initial haircut, making curls curly or wavy. Curled locks of any shape and size with proper care will retain their attractiveness for quite a long period, so that chemistry has not gone out of fashion for several decades. Over time, manufacturers have been working on the quality of the chemicals used, in the light of which many products have appeared that have a more gentle effect on the structure of the hair shaft. In addition, modern types of clamps, neutralizers and curlers allowed the use of new types of chemical perms, which led to the relevance of the procedure today.

The peculiarity of chemistry is its versatility, because not every representative of the fair sex nature endowed with beautiful and lush curls. Curls will fit almost every woman and girl, due to curls increases the volume of hair, in addition, facial features and oval become more feminine and soft. The essence of such a perm lies in the effect of special compositions on the structure of the hair shaft. After a small amount of time after treatment with the drug, they penetrate into the hair. In its natural state, the rod has a rounded shape, and the reagent penetrating inside, interacting with the keratin of the hair, opens its cuticle, destroying some of the connections.

This allows you to give the curls the chosen shape, they become easier and more docile, therefore they take the form of used whooping cords or curlers. But chemicals deplete the hair shaft, and natural keratin is replaced with meta-keratin. Therefore, a specialized aftercare after the perm is mandatory. During the chemistry, the hair is contacted with fixing substances twice - for the first time when the compositions work to open the hair cuticle, and then to fix the result, when the master applies a neutralizer to the hair that fixes the created wave or curls.

The history of the perm in beauty salons distinguishes among the manufacturers of preparations for working with hair, many domestic and foreign brands. Modern perm products are marketed by such popular brands as Schwarzkopf, Wella and L'Oreal. In addition to fairly well-known companies around the world, companies specializing in the manufacture and sale of a professional product line for hair are engaged in the release of chemicals for chemistry, these include Estel, Paul Mitchell and Moss. Such a variety allows the master to choose the composition, focusing on the condition of the hair, the type and length of the strands, their color, etc.

Today, you can even perform a perm on stained curls, the main thing is to maintain a certain gap between the procedures. However, a rather serious test for hair can be a perm on bleached strands, in which the pigment has been removed in such an aggressive way more than once. For hair that is not dyed, the harm from the effects of the compositions will be less noticeable. As for the thin hair rods, in this case it is worth choosing the most sparing types of transformation of curls.

As a rule, basal perm allows you to adjust the naturally natural curls or make the haircut more lush. Despite the active work of manufacturers on the compositions for curling, yet the procedure has a number of contraindications. These include the following points:

• during pregnancy and lactation, it is worth temporarily to refrain from tempering;
• too damaged hair shafts;
• reusable bleaching of curls;
• individual intolerance to the components of the preparations used for fixation;
• hair coloring with henna, basma or other natural dyes;
• hormonal drugs;
• the presence of skin diseases on the head;
• abrasions and wounds.

The technology of perm makes it possible to perform it at home, however, to achieve a beautiful and durable result, as well as competent selection of the composition for working with hair, it is better to entrust its implementation to the masters of their work. Curly curls can be a decoration for any type of appearance and hair color. But a beautiful result, which really will be in harmony with the appearance of a woman, is achieved only with the correct selection of the shape and size of curls.

As the long-term practice of curling hair shows, for thin and rare rods it is best to choose small curls. For a round face oval, the size of the created curly locks should gradually decrease towards the tips. As for the rectangular or square type of appearance, the masters recommend doing a perm with large horizontal curls. Hair length will be one of the fundamental factors in the selection of the size of curlers for curling. For long hair, you can use different variations and shapes of curls, additional waves and curls only emphasize the natural attractiveness of the curls.

The average length of the hair will make the radical chemistry or curl them only at the ends. In this case, you can use different techniques, combining and alternating between them. However, trusting your imagination, it should be borne in mind that some types of curls can significantly affect the length of the curls in the end. Therefore, combining different ways, you should trust the opinion of an experienced master in a beauty salon.

Perm, like any procedure performed with hair, has positive and negative features. Its advantages include the following points:

• with the help of chemistry it will be possible to radically transform any image, haircut and image as a whole;
• in comparison with other procedures of creating curls, the effect of waves or curls will last a very long time;
• Chemistry is a universal service, so it can be performed on hair of any length;
• Today, masters in the salons offer customers many types of chemical wave;
• after the procedure, the installation will take several times less time, in some cases it can be completely dispensed with.

With all its advantages, chemistry is not devoid of a number of negative features. The disadvantages of the procedure include the following points:

• as it became clear from the name, the technology of curling hair is carried out with the help of aggressive agents that damage the health of the hair;
• after contact with drugs, the curls will be dehydrated, which will adversely affect the appearance, will lead to fragility, and will also require the acquisition of specialized care products;
• Perm has a number of contraindications that reduce the possibility of its implementation in a given period.

This salon service can be classified according to the type of compositions used for work.

Such a perm is considered to be universal, since there are no contraindications for it regarding hair type. Such a gentle curling can be done on any hair rods. As a result of the procedure, very elastic curls of different sizes are formed on the strands, depending on the curlers used. As a rule, the effect of neutral chemistry rests on the hair for 3 to 5 months, the preservation of the result and its duration will depend on the structure of the strands.

The agent used includes thioglycolic acid. Despite this, the drug is not too aggressive, so the harm to hair from it will be minimal. The result of contact with the hair shaft and curlers will be the formation of hard curls that can maintain their elasticity for a month. This type of waving is not recommended for thin hair, as it will straighten out very quickly. Also a contraindication for working with acidic compounds is increased dryness of the skin and curls.

Due to the penetration of alkali into the hair cuticle, the effect of curly locks can persist for 3 months. According to reviews of clients who used an alkaline curl, there is a rather natural look of curls that will also be very soft to the touch. A short result from this procedure is noted on hard strands, which very quickly take on their original appearance.

The master recommends making such a perm to girls whose hair needs treatment. A feature of the means used is the presence of amino acids and proteins, which have a positive effect on the health of the locks. The negative point of such a procedure will be the short duration of the created curls.

A feature of this gentle curling will be the replacement of most chemicals with natural ingredients.

A local kind of chemistry, the peculiarity of which is to work only with the area near the roots. After this procedure, the hairstyle will receive additional volume, which may persist for a long period or for several weeks. In this case, everything will depend on the fixing products used.

The name is due to the presence in the fixing compositions of silk proteins, which have a beneficial effect on the condition of the hair after the procedure. The effect persists for 5-6 months. However, the service stands out for its high cost due to the specifics of the drugs used.

Among modern types of chemistry, this option is the most popular.Due to this expressive result. Curls are wound on special large curlers that create lush curls without any creases in length.

This type of demand among women with thin and sparse hair. As a rule, such chemistry is carried out on haircuts with an average length of hair up to the shoulders. A feature of the procedure is to get an incredible amount. However, this result will require a certain approach to subsequent care. Laying small and curly curls will be quite difficult.

The gentle chemistry of the new generation, which is distinguished by the lipid-protein composition of the fixatives used for curls. According to experts, after contact with the preparations, the hair receives the missing amount of moisture in order to be relevant for brittle and overdried hair rods that have been subjected to frequent staining or daily styling with hot air. The effect on the hair lasts from 2 to 5 months.

This variety is recommended for medium-length hair; it is also carried out on short haircuts with curls, the size of which does not exceed 20 centimeters. Curls after such a curl have a natural appearance, the volume of the hairstyle increases due to the additional pomp at the roots. A feature of carving is the superficial contact of chemical compounds with the hair shaft.

A suitable option for long and thick hair, on which horizontal chemistry is simply not worn. A distinctive feature of such chemistry is the technology of working with hair, during which hair curlers on the head are placed vertically, and the curls are twisted spirally. It is possible to lay such a perm as beautifully as possible by creating a wet effect.

Master can advise this type of service only for healthy hair. The process of creating curls is carried out thanks to the work with the hair with the help of an apparatus that regulates the heating temperature.

Chemistry is also classified by the type of curlers used to twist the strands. Today masters use such devices:

• papilotki, which will help to create volumetric curls on the hair;
• boomerangs - allowing you to make natural waves;
• rollers - necessary in the course of work on the American curl;
• sticks of polymer in the form of sticks - necessary for curling the hair at the roots themselves;
• curler sticks with grooves used in the spiral technique of curling curls.

Based on the method of winding the strands on the selected type of curlers, today such techniques stand out.

The master can do similar chemistry with different curlers. They differ in diameter, in addition, several types of bobbins are very often combined in the process of curling. This method makes it possible to get a more natural effect on the hair.

In this case, the hairdresser will only work with the hair roots. Twisting them on curlers, it turns out to create a volume in this area. The principle of fixing the strands involves hair wrapping in the shape of a half-eight, with a freely falling length of curls.

In the course of such chemistry, curls of minimal size are formed on the hair, due to their large number, the hairstyle becomes very lush. The hair is rolled on a bobbin, previously twisted into bundles of small thickness.

This technique is practiced on long hair. As a rule, the process involves working with the root zone with the help of thin curlers, when the remaining length is already fixed with devices of a suitable diameter based on the desired appearance of the final curl.

Another kind of local chemistry. In this case, the master spins the hair on different curlers, and the technique of fixing them is also chosen individually.

To achieve this result, the master will use curlers with a maximum diameter. The technology of creating such a perm requires paying special attention to the time of contact of the hair rods with the fixative. The longer the composition will interact with the hair, the harder the result will be a wave.

Natural bends on the hair, repeating the contours of the sea wave are obtained when the master uses ribbon-like bobbins that are pulled through the strands.

Such a perm is obtained when working with small papilotki or spiral curlers. As a rule, the process of working with hair will be quite laborious, so it takes at least 3 hours.

This chemistry is done on the hair of medium length. The essence of the process consists in braiding the braids in a tight way, while the master twists their ends with an whooping roll.

In this case, the curls are wound on a special device in the form of studs.

The effect on the hair is achieved by combining two curler curlers. The master divides the hair into two halves, with one works in a vertical way, and twists the other horizontally.

In this case, the master selects the option and size of the device for winding based on the length and thickness of the hair. Usually they work with short curls, twisting them in a rectangle, in a vertical way, or choosing curls for curling in a checkerboard pattern.

This method involves the use of a special cap by the master, which prevents the composition from getting onto the scalp. Wearing it, the master will alternately remove the strands from the holes, twist them on the curlers, processing the composition for fixing.

In order to cause a minimum of damage to the hair shafts in the process of curling, it is necessary to prepare for the transformation of the image in advance. Preliminary work with hair before chemistry will consist of the following stages.

• The most important step, on which the result will largely depend, will be the evaluation of the structure of the curls. It involves the determination of strength and density, as well as the elasticity and type of hair rods. The need for such a procedure is due to the subsequent selection of tools for fixing curls on the basis of these characteristics. For example, for a thick head of hair you will need to use drugs with the maximum effect of fixation. Thin curls are treated with sparing means.
• Evaluation of the skin is necessary in the light of the fact that even with the slightest abrasions or irritation on the head, contact with fixative substances will be contraindicated until complete healing and restoration of the epidermis.
• The next stage of preparation for chemical perming will be an allergotest, which is performed by all clients. To exclude the possibility of a negative reaction of the skin to the formulations used, the master applies a small amount of the curling composition behind the ear for a quarter of an hour. In the absence of any manifestations on the skin, it is possible to carry out works on the perm.
• Testing the fixer on the hair is necessary for the master in order to correctly determine the amount and concentration of the means for opening the hair cuticle. There are cases when the curls do not withstand contact with the drug and burst.
• In some cases, a haircut is made before the curl in order to remove the split ends, as well as to provide the hairstyle with the desired shape. However, this stage is not mandatory, the haircut can be done after chemistry.
• Before chemistry you need to wash your hair over the entire length, using a special shampoo. This tool will soften the scales, so that the clips can quickly get inside.

After completing all the preparatory activities, you should collect all the necessary tools, tools and accessories for work. For curling will need such a set:

• capacity for cultivation of structure from glass or porcelain;
• plastic comb with a sharp end;
• measuring cup;
• bobbins;
• elastic bands or hair clips;
• polyethylene cap;
• sponge for processing curls fixative and neutralizer.

The process of curling itself is performed according to the following approximate scheme.

• First, the master performs the division of the entire mass of hair into uniform strands. To make the effect harmonious, their size should not exceed the length of the curlers used. To make this process quick and correct, it is best to divide the hair into two vertical partings, fixing the strands with rubber bands or a clip. Further, from the vertical borders, it will be necessary to part the horizontal parting behind the ears.
• The occipital part should be divided into 3 equal zones with the help of vertical partitions. After all the hair will be divided, you can go to the most perm.
• The processing of the strands begins at the center of the head. The curl is separated and moistened with a fixative, and then wound on a curler. The ends of the hair should protrude no more than 1-2 centimeters, they will need to be tightened and bent inward, moving along the twisting of the whole strand. Twisting the entire area, the hair is once again wetted with the composition, after which work is carried out with the temporal and parietal parts.
• After all the hair has been twisted and processed with a fixative, it must be hidden under the cap. The exposure time of the composition will depend on the desired result and the type of chemistry used.
• Over time, hair, together with hair curlers should be washed under running water without using any additional funds. You can wash your hair with shampoo a little later. Wash off the fixing agent with water for 5-6 minutes.
• After the hair dries out a little, after 5-10 minutes you can begin to unwind the bobbins, as well as re-processing the curls with fixative, which is aged on the curls for just a few minutes. This portion should also be washed off with plain water.
• Then comes the turn of treatment curls neutralizer. The composition is rinsed hair about 2-4 times.
• Laying and drying are the final stage of perm.

Chemistry is not a procedure to make curls curly forever. However, the effect of it persists for a long period. Depending on the composition of the used means for curling, curls can remain on the hair from 2 to 9 months. However, the external attractiveness of such an image will require regular correction of the regrown roots, as well as the removal of the split ends.

The duration of the effect created will be influenced by the structure of the hair rods, their length. On short haircuts, the curl lasts several times longer. The result will also depend on the type of curls, as practice shows, body waves will become even much earlier.

Since the effect of curly locks, which lasts for several months, is performed using chemistry, the hair shafts after such contact will need specific care. Masters recommend to care for hair as follows.

• To wash your hair you need only specialized formulations. There are shampoos and complexes of cosmetics for sale, which will strengthen and restore the structure of the damaged hair shaft.
• After any composition for waving, even the most gentle, hair will be dried out, so regular nourishing masks for curly hair will be a mandatory step regarding care. You can use folk remedies or store products, which will contain collagen, keratins and panthenol. As for homemade masks, compositions based on nettle and hops, various moisturizing and nourishing essential oils can be used as a suitable option.
• Beauty hair after chemistry can be maintained, if you start taking fish oil.
• Well-groomed appearance can be maintained for a long time with regular cutting of the ends, as well as the use of special oils and creams.
• To comb the hair more correctly with a brush with wide teeth. Some women, after curling, completely dispense with a comb, modeling the hairstyle with the help of fingers.
• To consolidate the result within 2-3 days after the procedure it is necessary to refrain from washing the hair. It is best to dry the curls in a natural way, without a hairdryer, gently kicking along the entire length. Do not go to bed with wet hair.

Curls, which are formed after the chemistry, will significantly change the original look of hairstyles and haircuts for a girl, by this point you should be ready in advance. Immediately after the perm, the hair must be given some time to adapt. Masters of beauty salons recommend to refrain from using a hair dryer and styling products for a week. It is possible to begin to braid and stack curly curls only in 3-4 days. This resting phase is necessary for the hair shafts in order for the curls to finally take shape.

As for short haircuts with chemical wave, they are usually laid with the help of wax or gel. Fixing the curls does not take a lot of time, it will be enough to take a small amount of the selected product in your palm and mash your hair a little. You can lift the strands at the roots, so that the haircut becomes opulent and texture. Chemistry for a short haircut with a bang will be a good option. It is left flat and the rest of the hair is curled. Further creation of a beautiful and feminine image is achieved by decorating the head with rims, ribbons or other similar decorative accessories.

You can also create a beautiful hairstyle with chemistry by styling your hair with wax, creating a wet effect. The longer the hair, the more options for styling curled strands. Curls can be collected from one side to the top or, if the length permits, under the ear. Strands that fall, fixed invisible. On medium-length hair, it will be possible to collect hair as high as possible at the back of the head, fixing and positioning the strands so that some of them fall forward and the rest back. Hair up to the shoulders and below with small curls or voluminous curls can be left flowing, creating the effect of wet hair.

The classic styling option involves the application of foam or mousse to damp hair, excluding the zone in the root area. Then you need to tilt your head forward, squeezing the curls with your hands from the ends to the roots. Having finished with this procedure, a parting is made, even or oblique by choice, and the hair is finally dried using a hair dryer or in a natural way. This option is universal and, at the same time, very convenient for long hair.

Despite the fact that perm has a negative effect on the hair, it remains popular today. According to the numerous responses left by the clients of beauty salons about perm, there are many positive and negative characteristics regarding the procedure. However, modern compositions used for waving, still have less aggressive properties than before, so with proper subsequent care, the hair has an attractive appearance, and also quickly restored.

About the world of possibilities of curling hair, see the following video.