Bashkir national costume

The history of the development of the Bashkir national costume is fascinating and diverse. Artists engaged in the study of the creation of traditional clothing of different nations, still do not cease to admire the origin of the costume of Bashkiria.

The Bashkir people settled in a very large area, with the result that each region has a special mentality. This was due to the fact that human activity was directly dependent on the natural resources, which were the most in their area. In one part of Bashkortostan, the inhabitants hunted and engaged in cattle breeding, in the other, preference was given to applied arts, in the third - to agriculture.

Total regions were seven:

• Northeastern;
• Northwestern;
• Southeastern;
• Southwestern;
• Central;
• Oriental;
• Samaro-Irgiz.

But even despite some detailed differences in clothing among residents of different areas, the Bashkir national costume miraculously keeps in itself the same culture, the same traditions, conveys a particular folk spirit. This is what makes him interesting.

A remarkable feature of the national dress of Bashkortostan is its multi-layered structure. Even if the sun was mercilessly scorching on the street, the Bashkirs were necessarily dressed in several layers of outer garment. This distinguishes the Bashkir people from the rest.

The main element of the national costume of the Bashkir people is called "Cossack". This is outerwear that looks like a fitted jacket with spacious sleeves, fitted with a durable lining. Kazakin fastened with buttons. This product was universal - it was worn with pleasure by both women and men. Soldiers also donned Cossacks.

The people of Bashkiria have never experienced indifference to luxury, and this quality is perfectly reflected in the traditional costume. People from wealthy families wore white satin clothes, expensive velvet, silk and satin.

No less popular were products from cotton fabric. The Bashkirs, whose wallets were not so full of coins, mostly had clothes made of sheepskin, house cloth and felt. Often used hemp and nettle canvases.

Elegant furs, leather, interesting embroidery with gold and silver threads, beads and even coins acted as decorative elements.

Religion played an important role in the life of the Bashkirs, therefore some canons were necessary to observe when creating a national costume. Clothing should not be too open so that women cannot demonstrate the natural advantages of their bodies to other men. So the style of the traditional dress is very loose.

The Bashkirs didn’t stint that it was a variety of shades in their national costume!

Casual clothes could not boast a special brightness, but it is simply impossible to tear off the look from the dress. At first glance, the usual shades are unusually skillfully combined in a suit, forming an ideal composition that even in the twentieth century pen stirs the imagination of talented designers.

In everyday costumes, colors prevailed:

• Red.
• Brown.
• Blue.
• The black.
• Green.
• Yellow.

For sewing holiday outfits used many other shades. Celebrations at the festival have always meant a lot to the Bashkir people, so it is not surprising that everyone wanted to stand out as much as possible among the rest during the feast and traditional entertainment.

The ornament of the national costume has always had a symbolic meaning. Plant patterns, images of animals and other ethnic symbols protected people from damage and attracted good luck.

The traditional outfit of the Bashkir girl still continues the slow modification. For women, it is important to always be on top, to attract interested views to themselves, and the Bashkirian women's costume perfectly copes with the fulfillment of this desire.

• No girl could imagine herself without a national dress called kuldek. The dress was decorated with embroidery. Initially, kuldek was characterized by wide cuts, a turn-down collar and twine in the chest area, but the twentieth century brought a change to the usual look of the dress. The robe got a lapel and tucks on the chest.

• Over the dress was a bib. It was believed that this product protects against evil spirits.
• The rich Bashkir could afford to wear a coat. This attribute expressed the position of a person on the social scale. Camisole decorated with lots of silver coins.

• Under the kuldek girls wore ştan - comfortable pants.
• Alkyapys (apron) Bashkir use in two cases - either doing household chores, or going to a solemn event. The apron designed for the holidays, looks much more elegant.

Wedding is the main celebration of the Bashkir people! Careful preparation was carried out, and the main part of this preparation was given to clothes. So that the wedding attire struck all the guests, the engaged family paid a lot of money to the women who best owned the talent of embroidery.

• Women's dresses trimmed with elegant ribbons. Ruffles of wedding suits emphasized the individual qualities of the bride.
• The color gamut differed special value. Red shades symbolized the warmth of the home, and white was considered a sign of the sun and family well-being.
• The legs of the bride were in white boots, for the manufacture of which was used the thin leather of goats.

• The head of the Bashkir girl was under the scarf.
• The bride is responsible for the wedding shirt for the groom. Bashkirka herself sewed a red fabric and presented it to her future husband just before the wedding began.

Bashkir men were not so fastidious in their apparel, so the men's national costume is a little less diverse, but no less magnificent. Looking at the Bashkir, you would see a loose shirt, pants and a robe that was replaced by a camisole. This is an everyday version of the traditional dress.

There are two types of Bashkir shirt:

• In the southern region, men wore shirts with an oblique cut, which was fastened with a lace. There was no collar on the product.
• The shirts of the inhabitants of the northern part of the country had a collar, and the cut was straight.

Outerwear was a chekmeni - robes of cloth material, always decorated in rich green color, which is a symbol of nobility and masculinity. In addition to the robe, the men could boast a Kaseki caftan with a high collar and flared cut.

The quality of the material made it clear what amounts a man has. If the robe was made of cloth woven at home, it became clear to everyone that the Bashkir did not manage to acquire wealth.

In winter, the Bashkirs walked the streets in sheepskin coats and sheep fur coats.

The appearance of the children's national costume of Bashkiria differs very little.

The outfit for the girl looks exactly the same as the adult version, with only one exception - girls under the age of ten were forbidden to wear a headdress with a veil called “takyya”.

Since childhood, boys have been inculcated with patriotism, so there were no restrictions in their costume. The dress of the young men repeated in detail the clothes of their fathers. The boys wore a traditional belt, captivating the attention of those around with a rich gold pattern, as well as tight-fitting shirts and trousers.

Women's shoes were decorated with attractive tassels. In the summer, the girls wore sabats (if you russify the name, you get the usual bast shoes), under which you wear stockings. Cloths and wool were used to create them. In case of a holiday, the woman had decorated hosiery.

Bashkir men could also use stockings, but the majority replaced them with footcloths.

Standard men's shoes were considered boots saryk and itk. During the celebration, the Bashkirs put these boots aside and appeared in public in beautiful igichi. In order not to get them dirty on the way to a holiday, they had to put on overshoes over the top. Once on the threshold of the house, where the fun took place, the galoshes were removed and remained in igichahs.

Bashkirs paid a lot of attention to headgear. This accessory set the tone for the whole image of the representative of the Bashkir nation. The headgear showed many facts to others - what is the financial condition of the owner, how old is he ... And precious stones not only decorated the product, but also served as a guardian.

The list of men's hats is few - a skullcap and a fur hat. Bashkirs, professing Islam, were not allowed to appear before the eyes of the society with their heads uncovered. The caps of the young men were decorated in light shades, and the headgear of the elderly inspired respect in the dark colors.

The range of women's hats admired. Girls could choose a product for every taste and color.

In the event that the spouse of a Bashkir possessed a great fortune, she could cause envy of other ladies, because the richest headdress, Kashmau, was available to her. The accessory is a cap with a hole at the crown. A long ribbon embroidered with bright beads and complemented with a fringe streamed down from the model.

Figure costume of the Bashkir nation will not leave anyone indifferent. Reviews of people who got acquainted in their experience with the traditional costume of Bashkortostan express utter delight. Apparel helps to feel truly majestic girl, to feel the wisdom of the people.