Previously, according to the national costume of Dagestan, it was possible to determine the age of a person, his social status, cash savings and even the village where he came from. Today, such costumes are worn mainly on celebrations and theatrical performances. However, the younger generation can appreciate the historical significance and beauty of national costumes, so costumes are passed from generation to generation.
From the history of the Dagestan costume
The national costume of Dagestan as we know it today did not take shape immediately. Its history began in the Middle Ages. Men's suits consisted of a white shirt, dark pants (gray or black), beshmetov, boots, fur hats and a fitted Circassian with gas fuels.
Circassian could be knee-length or even lower, to the ankle, the sleeves downward had an extension. She was tied with a narrow strap, on which a dagger or a pistol was hung.
The gasyrs had caps made of ivory or silver. Gunpowder was stored in them from the calculation: one cap - one shot.
In the cold season, Dagestan men wore a fleece sheepskin coat, and ichigi or morocco boots as shoes.
Women's suits characterized relatively loose fit. Residents of the plains preferred clothing made of silk: shirt, pants, dress, red saffiano shoes (goat leather), and a headscarf.
Women who lived in the mountains preferred wide long dresses and pants with an elegant gold pattern on the sides. As shoes they wore dudes or boots, and the headgear in each locality was somewhat different. The hair was neatly removed under a cap-chukhtu, over which a blanket was worn, and then a patterned shawl.
The color of the costume and the variety of jewelry indicated the social status of the owner of such a dress, its material savings and age. Young Dagestani women preferred bright colors in clothes and fabrics with ornaments, older women chose mostly dark-colored clothes.
Features of the national Dagestan costume
More than seventy ethnic groups (Avars, Tabasarans, Kumyks, Lezgins, Dargins and others) live in Dagestan, each of which has its own costume. Despite this, all the national costumes of Dagestan have some common details: the use of shirts (tunic and dress-like), tunics, chukhts, turbans, scarves and beshmek.
These things were sewn from bright fabrics and decorated with patterns or embroidery (natural ornaments, animals). Patterns could carry a symbolic function - to act as a talisman, or aesthetic.
Dresses for special occasions were decorated with silver, gold and precious clothes. As additional decorations for women's costumes were used: bracelets, coins, belts, rings.
The dominant colors in the costumes were: white, black, red. White color was considered a symbol of purity and was used during weddings. Red meant well-being and prosperity in the house, the black tint had magical overtones and symbolized an inextricable link with the ancestors.
Multi-layering is a characteristic feature of all Dagestan costumes. It was customary to put on several shawls at once, trousers underneath the dress. In addition to side by side, many decorations were used, which were considered an integral part of the national image.
Components of women's and men's attire
In addition to all the mandatory elements of clothing, the suit of Dagestan men included a hat - a headdress, which was considered a symbol of honor among the Caucasian peoples.Those who had a good income, adorned in the astrakhan fur cap, simple people were content with the same product, but from sheepskin. To knock a hat off his head was considered an insult, and to present such a headdress was a sign of friendship.
The difference between women's dresses in different parts of the country was much stronger than that of male models. So, in the south of Dagestan wore multi-layered ornate costumes. At first, a silk dress of direct cut was worn, and only then a walker - a top swinging dress. The whole costume was decorated with gold, precious stones, exquisite pattern. Favorite colors were red, purple, green. A silk scarf was tied on the head.
National outfits of Dagestan today
Modern Dagestan girls wear tight-fitting dresses to highlight their slim silhouette. Gems are used as jewelery, high-heeled shoes are used. Women balzakovskogo age prefer loose dresses, overalls. The colors are mostly black, since they present the figure in a favorable light.
Those who work in the fields or do household chores, choose comfortable bathrobes and fur vests in the cold season, thin, loose-fitting dresses - in warm
Dagestan men prefer to wear pants and shirts that are no different from the clothes of every modern person.
