The Komi national costume is a book about the history of the people. Each piece of clothing is a description of life, life, traditions, beliefs, customs, culture. Therefore, to keep the national costume in all its details and details means to preserve the history of the nation.
Story
Komi or Zyrians, as they were called in antiquity, lived in northeastern Russia. Men were engaged in farming, fishing, hunting, animal husbandry, forestry. Women were making clothes. Girls from childhood learned to weave a cloth of homegrown flax and hemp, spinning fleece, knitting clothes from it and rolling felt boots, sewing outerwear and shoes.
Komi folk clothing embodies the identity and national culture of the people.
Description of the dress
Men's clothing
Men were undemanding in clothing. Shirt-shirt, stitched from canvas, and pants tucked into boots or knitted patterned stockings, as well as a narrow belt or wide sash.
Holiday outfit differed mainly in the material from which it was made. The shirt was silk or satin, the belt was woven or leather, the pants were cloth. The outerwear in the summer was a linen hoodie, in the fall and winter - a caftan or sheepskin coat. Heads of men were covered with caps, hats made of cloth, felt, and fur.
An additional element of the hunters' clothing was a tank top (lusan), made of thick coarse canvas or homespun cloth. An obligatory accessory for her was a leather belt to which a hunter could attach a sheath, a vessel with water and other things needed in the forest.
The suit for men was the same for all Komi residents. The exception was the top winter clothes of Izhmians who lived in the very north. Being reindeer herders, they sewed clothes for harsh polar winter from reindeer skins.
Women's clothing
The set of women's costume included two basic elements: a shirt and a sundress - this is the so-called dress complex. However, with such a minimum, the clothes of the Komi women are surprised by their diversity. All its styles and types had a different purpose.
Clothing was divided according to purpose, by age, by status, by ethnographic affiliation.
The casual white or gray shirt was long. For sewing the upper part, which was visible, the fabric was thin and of high quality, the bottom was sewn from coarse but durable fabric. They decorated the shirt with embroidery or inserts of fabric of various colors and shades. They wore a bright patterned sundress on the shirt.
For festive clothing, they chose expensive fabric and rich decorations. Wealthy people could afford silk, satin or brocade outfits, in winter they would wear fox fur coats. The costume of the girl, the married woman, and the women of the age differed in the form of the headdress and the color of the sundresses.
The apron was also an element of the dress, it was worn on top of a sundress. A patterned woven or woven belt girdled sundress.
The headdress was an important element of the female attire, because it indicated the social position of his mistress. The girls were allowed not to hide their hair, not to wear handkerchiefs, the headband was a hoop, a strip of cloth, a ribbon, a bandage. After getting married, the women covered their hair with a scarf or a kokoshnik. Aged women wore dark colored scarves.
The handkerchief was the most precious and desirable gift. The decoration of the handkerchiefs were long brushes, which were considered a talisman from evil and envy.
Footwear
Men's and women's shoes practically did not differ from each other: cats, boots, boot covers. Winter shoes were vallegi, felt boots.Inhabitants of the southern districts were shod in birch bast sandals, northerners - in shoes made of reindeer fur. Very popular with men and women were stockings with patterns, knitted of multicolored wool.
Originality
National clothing, created over a long period of time, is an inseparable link in the culture of the Komi people, which absorbed the features of the traditional attitude of the people.
Models of clothes, their practicality, expediency, design decision were largely due to the climate conditions, the occupation of the people. Traditional costumes are diverse, colorful, spectacular, they serve as a complement to the harsh nature of their native land.
Each ethnic group living in the territory of the Komi Republic - Sysol, Udora, Luzsko-Lytskaya, Komi-Permian, Izhma, Priluzskaya, Upper- and Lower-Vychegodskaya, Vymskaya, Pechora - contributed its own nuances to the style and appearance of the national costume.
