Yakut national costume

National clothing of different nationalities often has a clear imprint of not only life, way of life, but also climatic conditions. For example, the Yakut national costume was created specifically for the difficult climatic conditions of the North. Of course, it also has a certain number of elements borrowed from other nations, but this does not at all create a negative impression about the Yakut costume.

Yakuts, as a national community, are by far the most concentrated in Yakutia and the Krasnoyarsk Territory. A small number of people of this nationality can be found in the Magadan, Sakhalin and Amur regions.

Costumes dating back to the 13th century are considered to be the earliest examples of Yakut national clothing. Basically, it is outerwear with pronounced folk ornaments, ornaments and elements. The national Yakut costume of that time was created from the fur of mixed animals, coarse cloth and silk, and leather.

Already in the Christian era (17-18 centuries) the traditional set of outerwear was made of the skins and furs of domestic animals, since the main activity of the Yakuts was horse and cattle breeding. Especially popular are suede, leather and fur of short-haired pets. For additional warming in especially frosty periods, Yakut craftsmen used animal skins with fluffy, long-haired fur. This version looked more like a decorative ornament of a classic national costume: fur strips were sewn around the perimeter of outerwear, as cuffs on the sleeves, and also wide warm collars.

At the heart of every folk dress is often a straight silhouette with the same sleeves. The traditional Yakut costume is no exception.

However, in its "design" there are several variations:

• onolokh, buktaah. The Yakut craftsmen, without undue embarrassment, laid the basis of this type of tailoring, especially the tailoring of clothes for the Russian military and avid travelers. Of course, it was not without purely national inclusions. The name of such a cut is due to the presence of folds on the back - “ito” and the original model of the sleeve - “buuk” (buffoon). Outerwear (usually a coat), sewn according to this principle, was worn equally by both men and women. The main materials for the manufacture of the Yakut national costumes of this cut were: leather and dub (Chinese paper fabric) - for men; fur and suede (depending on the season) - for women. Velvet stripes on the collar and cuffs served as trim;

• Kytylah. Appeared in everyday life Yakuts much later than the first type of cut and differs from it in only a few details. For example, double wide cloth strip, which was located on the edge of the upper national clothing.

The main feature of the women's summer coat, made using kytylah cut, is the presence of red threads in the ornament, which adorns the perimeter of clothes and sleeves. In the male models, built on the same principle, there are more strict and dull colors;

• tanalay One of the most ancient types of cut. Traditional Yakut winter clothing, which was made of rovdug (deer or elk suede) using fur of fur animals. Features of this cut are in the presence of a fur shoulder strap, which was located at the junction of the sleeve and the armhole.Cuts on the sides, jewelry made of shiny metal in the form of pendants in the waist. Some historians insist that this type of cut was typical for wedding dresses.

The main materials for the manufacture of traditional attire of women in Yakutia:

• everyday - practical and durable chintz and satin;

• festive - expensive, beautiful and shiny silk and satin;

• outerwear - fur, suede with skillful addition of pieces of silk or fur national ornaments.

In general, the classic Yakut woman’s wedding wardrobe consisted of basic elements:

1. Annah is a special piece of cloth that covers the face.

2. Coat of rough cloth.

3. Leather pantaloons covering mostly the pelvic part of the bride.

4. The leggings are special leggings made from the skin of a wild animal, which resembled boots, but ended at the ankle, did not have a foot part.

5. Fur doha - warm fluffy fur coat.

6. The traditional headdress, which resembled a military helmet in its cut and appearance.

7. A large number of decorations. This element among the Yakuts was considered one of the most important in women's clothing. At the same time, everything was decorated: clothes, shoes, head, chest, hands. Yakut beadwork is especially popular to this day. Its foundations are passed from mother to daughter.

The costume of the yakutianochka was exactly the same as that of an adult woman. For the girl was characterized by the use of the edge of the perimeter of the cap.

Of course, clothes for men differed from women in particular modesty. The main feature was considered the presence of fur trim on the sleeves and collar. The height of the pile in such a finish could reach the maximum performance. The headdress also necessarily resembles a helmet in its form, was made of natural fur and covered the ears, cheekbones and a bit of the chin zone from frost. At the end of such a Yakut cap, the full moon or the sun usually flaunted, which marked the continuation of the race.

Yakut boys from childhood wore national clothes, which completely repeated, in their cut and decoration, the clothes of adult men.

In the modern world for the manufacture of national clothing used a larger range of fabrics, textures and decorations. Today they are a national treasure and practically a special subject of pride and national art worthy of museums and exhibitions. These are always expensive high-quality fabrics and furs, sewn and trimmed in the best Yakut traditions. Of course, modern designers are far enough away from the ancient heritage, constantly making their own adjustments, their vision and their creativity.

Yakuts today wear national clothes almost exclusively on holidays. But jewelry with beads and furs continue to be used to this day.