How to determine the temperament of the child?

The problem of fathers and children, described by many classics of literature, is not the first century that worries families. Parents do not hear the children, and children arrange teen riots, trampling on all authorities. In order to find mutual understanding with your child, to build a harmonious relationship with him, it is necessary to understand the peculiarities of his psyche. Some children require constant attention and participation of an adult, others like active interaction with peers and active activities, and others prefer to spend the whole day looking for books and not paying attention to others. This difference is due to the many different features of the child’s personality, one of which is his temperament.

The general concept of temperament means the basic features and properties of the psyche of the individual. Such distinctive personality traits are equally manifested in various actions of the child and do not depend on the goals and motives. Often, these reactions persist until the end of life, and their combination allows us to classify a huge variety of such features into several basic types. The definition of this type depends on the specific properties of the psyche of each individual.

Activity - This is a property of the psyche, which is responsible for the speed of decision making and the intensity of their introduction into your life. The faster a child reacts to stimuli, the more persistent and focused he achieves results and overcomes obstacles. This property is often called the energy or energy of man. It is believed that people with stronger energy achieve more in life and are generally happier, although this has not been scientifically proven.

Sensitivity - this property of the psyche is directly related to activity and determines the minimum magnitude of the impact that is necessary for the occurrence of any response in the human psyche. Emotional excitability is a property similar to sensitivity, but unlike it shows what will be the strength of the response to a minimal external effect. Aggression and irascibility of both a child and an adult depends on emotional excitability. On the other hand, she is also responsible for joyful excitement, vivid experiences of emotional intimacy and feelings of happiness.

Reactivity responsible for the intensity of involuntary reactions of the human psyche. Such reactions arise both from the loud and harsh voice of the parent, and from offensive remarks. The reaction rate is responsible for the rate of reactions that have already arisen as a response in the psyche. The higher it is, the faster the child comes to a calm mood after joyful or sad events. An infant with a high reaction rate will quickly calm down when crying, however, it will quickly begin to cry again. In addition, this property affects the speed of thoughts, speech and gestures.

The relationship between activity and reactivity - an indicator of which factors are more influential on the child, on which his actions are more dependent: on his goals and aspirations or mood and situation. The first is more important to achieve and win, and the second is to enjoy the process. Plasticity allows you to quickly respond to changes in the surrounding situation and more actively adapt to changing conditions. Rigidity means more inert behavior, a rigid child does not want to change, he is stubborn and persistent, any changes irritate him and frighten him.

Extraversion and introversion. The latter property determines from which impressions the positive and negative reactions of the child’s psyche depend: from external or internal ones. Extroverts prefer a wide range of acquaintances, new experiences and skills. Introverts prefer dreams and thoughts about the past and the future alone or in the vicinity of books. All these properties equally affect the character of any person and, as a result, determine his temperament. At the same time, there are no bad or good properties, all of them are just a human tool that allows the nervous system to control and control all human life activity and ensure its maximum comfortable and safe existence.

There are only 4 main types of temperament, which got their name before our era. The ancient Greek physician Hippocrates claimed that there are 4 main fluids in the human body, which were called “juices”. Depending on which of them prevails in the human body, its character is formed. More blood (sanguis in Latin) makes a person a sanguine person, and the predominance of phlegm (phlegma) makes him phlegmatic. A large amount of bile (chole in Latin) turns a child into choleric, and if this bile is black (melas chole in Latin), it will become a melancholic. To date, from the classification introduced by Hippocrates back in the XVIII century, there are only names that describe the peculiarities of the human psyche.

A sanguine person is a person with increased activity, balanced by the same reactivity. He is optimistic and complacent, he likes loud conversations, big companies and vigorous activity. The high threshold of sensitivity does not allow him to pay attention to too quiet and quiet sounds. But sanguine inherent speed of reactions, mental alertness and rapid adaptation to new conditions.

Choleric also has a low sensitivity and activity, but the reactivity in its temperament prevails. He is often incontinent and even aggressive, harder to change his thoughts and stable than a sanguine person. Persistent and confident, loves a large amount of communication, but it is very hard to shift attention from one action or goal to another. Phlegmatic activity prevails over reactivity, and therefore it is insensitive and practically not emotional. He is not touched by the general merriment, but it is also very difficult to grieve such a person. He hardly switches between affairs, but at the same time he is very able-bodied and diligent. He is an introvert and reluctantly makes new friends.

Melancholic has high sensitivity with low reactivity. Any minor reason can cause his reaction in the form of tears and even a nervous breakdown. The quiet voice and slow movements of the melancholic give him a deep introvert, preferring to move away from a large gathering of people into his inner and often invented world. The attention of such a child will be unstable, he is often distracted by trifles, and the slightest difficulty for a long time knocks him out of a rut. At the same time, empathy and compassion are well developed in such people, and men and women often love animals and small children, they are able to empathize with the heroes of books and films.

In ordinary life, the opportunity to meet pure choleric or melancholic, like other types, tends to zero. People of one type of temperament practically do not exist due to the fact that the external environment and upbringing often leave their mark on the psyche. At the same time, the influence of some features of temperament on children's character will be stronger than others, which will ultimately determine its type. In order to learn the temperament of a child, it is enough to conduct a small test and answer the following questions.

• What games does a child of pre-school and school age prefer (silent or active, with friends or alone)?
• How does the child perceive the criticism of the parent or does the student accept the teacher's comments (agrees, is offended, angry)?
• How does a son or daughter communicate with different peers (loves attention or prefers to be silent, listens to them or tries to act as a leader)?
• How does the baby react to new places and people (constrained and indecisive or interested in what is happening, quickly excited or does not show any reaction)?
• How does a boy or girl make decisions or make lessons (with a quick swoop or long weighings, tasks are solved patiently and slowly or quickly, but interest soon disappears)?

This temperament is easy to recognize from the earliest years. Sanguine babies develop rapidly, show interest in the world around them and sleep little. Such children almost do not cause problems to their parents and are often called “gold”. They are active, they love both sport and learning new. It is easy to make friends, but their absence is difficult to endure. Boys and girls with such a temperament quickly forget failures and strive for new goals. Sanguine persons are obedient, but at the same time they are able to express their opinion. Closer to adolescence, their energy only grows even more, and they turn into a tireless entertainer for their big company or family. It is easy for them to study, in the class they occupy the position of a good-natured optimist who has no enemies and ill-wishers.

Such a baby has a ragged and nervous sleep, often naughty and hard to calm down. Their development is slower than that of their peers; they grow poorly and start talking later. Distinctive features of the baby will be closure and indecision. Such a child has deep doubts for any reason and is very dependent on the approval of the parents. They do not like to go to school, as a large number of noisy classmates and the fast pace of learning tires such kids. In adolescence, melancholic individuals are prone to frequent depressions and nervous breakdowns, any criticism is perceived very painfully and can lead to hysteria. Even if they learned their homework, they would never raise their hand. They are rarely taken to large companies, which is why they suffer even more from their dissimilarity to other children.

Kids phlegmatic real Sony. They rarely show their displeasure, even if they are hungry or lying on a wet diaper. Such a child will not strain the parents with his presence, he does not run and does not jump, is not inquisitive and not sociable. The best entertainment for such a kid would be reading, assembling a designer or embroidery. Decisions are taken calmly and carefully, do not like the bustle and big companies, but do not run away from communication, like melancholic. Younger students choose favorite subjects for a long time, but if they like something, they will always have success in this area. Teachers rarely scold them and often cite the example of others. They have no obvious enemies, but they have few real friends. In everything they like accounting and order, but they do not try to convince others to do likewise.

The baby choleric is easily recognizable by the dissatisfied cries that constantly break out of the tiny mouth. They are difficult to calm and switch attention to something else. They are impatient and demanding, they do not like loud voices and new surroundings. By the preschool age, they become even more impulsive and unstable. Well perceive new information and knowledge, but also quickly forget them. Such children often do not control their behavior, which changes several times in a short period of time. In communication with peers love to be a leader and even a tyrant. They have many friends, but also many detractors.By adolescence, they learn to hold back their tears, but they direct their anger on the offender without delay, whether they are in front of a classmate, a parent, and even a school principal.

In order to develop the strengths of the child’s temperament and smooth out his shortcomings, adults need to properly build relationships with him. Some methods will be good for choleric persons, but melancholic and vice versa will not work at all. First of all, the child should be influenced by parents, grandparents and other relatives, in addition, the teacher or caregiver may be engaged in adjusting the behavior of young boys and girls, albeit to a lesser extent.

Sanguine people are perfectly suited to the various sports sections with a team type of game. It can be football, hockey or water polo. Among their team, they will find true friends, and the sport in itself will give the baby extra energy. A teenager is better suited hobbies that teach him to overcome himself and circumstances. It can be alpine skiing or snowboarding, a fencing club or mountaineering. It is easy for them to study, but in order to increase their perseverance, it is better to alternate the mental load with the physical one. The teacher does not need to pay excessive attention to the sanguine person, a fairly even friendly attitude and impartiality is sufficient.

Choleric overflowing seething feelings that can easily turn into cruelty and aggression towards others. To give an outlet to his rage, the choleric person must throw it out in a safe way for peers. A boxing, karate or free-style wrestling section is perfect for him. Choleric people make excellent athletes, biathletes and acrobats. In order to develop their sensitivity, you can enroll a teenager in equestrian sport or a volunteer in an animal shelter. The teacher should show great sensitivity and compassion for the “school bully” in order not to embitter him with an unfair remark. If a child offends his neighbor on the desk, first of all it is worth them to sit down to pay off the conflict, and only then try to find out the details from both sides. They love to answer at the blackboard and feel confident in front of the team, but are easily distracted while writing independent works.

Phlegmatic - one of the favorites of adults, as they require less attention than other children. They are calm and durable, they do not shy away from playing sports, but at the same time they prefer such kinds of it, in which it is not the victory that is important, but the process itself. This can be synchronized swimming, sailing or dancing. Phlegmatic with pleasure engaged in power sports, they are disciplined and patient, and therefore with pleasure will be engaged in the home simulator. However, their main hobby is literature. Such children can often live in the fantasy world of their fantasies and do not converge well with their peers. Parents and teachers should contribute if one of the children wants to tie themselves together with such a child.

Melancholic love stability and silence. Of all the sports, they prefer chess or golf, they can practice yoga or Pilates. It is advisable to teach such a child from childhood to withstand criticism or aggression directed at him from peers. The rest of the children often do not like melancholic, and the teachers are too busy with the rest of the class to pay attention to the conflict and even quiet persecution. It is advisable for parents to gain the maximum confidence of such an vulnerable child in order to help him in a timely manner. It should be with him as honest as possible and constantly show his approval so that he grows more confident in his own abilities. Such children are afraid of public speaking, even if they know the subject very well.It is better to test their knowledge with tests or tests, which melancholics can answer in writing.

To determine the temperament of the child, see the following video.